Medical abbreviation COPD with symptoms and treatment

Medical abbreviation COPD

Medical abbreviation COPD is “chronic obstructive pulmonary disease”. It a chronic disease of the lung that causes breathing problems and poor airflow. It’s the combination of emphysema, chronic bronchitis, and bronchial asthma. COPD is a progressive disease, it typically worsens over time. And often become hard to do daily activities like walking, dressing, and many others. COPD causes serious long-term disability and early death. At this time there is no cure, and the number of people dying from COPD is growing.

In 2002 COPD was the fifth leading cause of death. Total deaths from COPD are projected to increase by more than 30% in the next 10 years unless urgent action is taken to reduce the underlying risk factors, especially tobacco use. Estimates show that COPD becomes in 2030 the third leading cause of death worldwide. COPD is already the third leading cause of death by disease in the United States. More than 16.4 million people have been diagnosed with COPD, but millions more may have the disease without even knowing it. Research told that men are more affected than women. The main cause of COPD is smoking. There are more causes to have COPD. Continue to read this article of Medical abbreviation COPD to know the brief about COPD.

Causes of COPD

Worldwide the most common cause of the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is smoking. 90% of COPD patients are smokers in their life. The other 10% may be caused for outdoor occupational and indoor air pollution. Burning of biomass fuels is the later major cause of COPD (COPD Medical abbreviation is Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease). Genetic factors are also responsible even patient didn’t smoke in whole life or didn’t work such a place were had to air pollution like chemical burning or dust-like substance.

• Smoking: Including cigarette, cigar, pipe, water pipe and other types of smoking is the main cause of COPD. Over 40 years of age who have a history of smoking are the main victims.
• Occupational exposure: Including organic and inorganic dust, chemical agents, and fumes are one of the major causes of the cause.
• Indoor and outdoor air pollution: Biomass fuel used for cooking or heating and inhaled particles or dust from outdoor are respectively responsible for COPD.
• Genetic factors: Though who didn’t smoke or work in an air polluted workplace can take place COPD. Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency (AATD) is the most commonly known genetic risk factor for emphysema. Alpha-1 Antitrypsin related COPD is caused by a deficiency of the Alpha-1 Antitrypsin protein in the bloodstream. Without the Alpha-1 Antitrypsin protein, white blood cells begin to harm the lungs and lung deterioration occurs. The World Health Organization and the American Thoracic Society recommends that every individual diagnosed with COPD be tested for Alpha-1.
• Asthma and airway hyperactivity: Due to asthma may develop caused limitation of airflow.

Symptoms of COPD

Often the symptoms of COPD may not be manifested when it is in the initial stage and you may not notice the sign and symptoms before it has gotten worse. For chronic bronchitis, the main symptom is a daily cough and mucus (sputum) production at least three months a year for two consecutive years. Some more sign may include like-

• Cough, with usually colorless sputum in small amounts
• Increased breathlessness
• Tightness in the chest
• Wheezing

If it go in severe condition then you may feel some

More complication like-

• Rapid breathing (Tachypnea)
• Use of accessory respiratory muscles
• Wheezing with minimal exertion
• Over-inflated lungs (Hyperinflation)
• Bluish discoloration of the skin (Cyanosis)

Classification of COPD

In this article on COPD medical abbreviation now you are going to know the classification of COPD. The stage’s of airflow limitation severity in COPD is 4 stages. Specific spirometric cut-points are used for purposes of simplicity. Spirometry should be performed after the administration of an adequate dose of at least one short-acting inhaled bronchodilator in order to minimize variability.

• Mild
• Moderate
• Severe
• Very severe

It should be noted that there is only a weak correlation between FEV1, symptoms, and impairment of
a patient’s health status. For this reason, formal symptomatic assessment is also required.

Risk factors of COPD

You may be at an increased risk if you are older than 40 years and-

• Have symptoms of COPD.
• Have a history of smoking.
• Have been exposed to environmental or occupational pollutants.

Diagnosis of COPD

Spirometry is the current standard of COPD (COPD medical abbreviation is a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)  diagnosis. Spirometry is a simple breathing test administered by a health care professional that measures how much air you breathe out and how fast you can blow air out. Spirometry can also determine how severe COPD is and help guide doctors to decide on the appropriate treatment. Other tests to diagnosis COPD-

• Chest X-ray
• CT Scan of the lung
• Arterial blood gas or a pulse oximeter to look at the saturation level of oxygen in the patient’s blood.

Treatment of COPD

COPD has a clear cause and a clear path of prevention. The majority of cases are directly related to cigarette smoking, and the best way to prevent COPD is to never smoke or to stop smoking now. If effective resources and time are dedicated to smoking cessation, long-term quit success rates of up to 25% can be achieved.

Vaccination

Influenza vaccine 
Influenza vaccination can reduce serious illness (such as lower respiratory tract infections requiring hospitalization) and death in COPD patients.
Pneumococcal vaccine
Pneumococcal vaccinations, PCV13, and PPSV23 are recommended for all patients ≥ 65 years of age. The PPSV23 is also recommended for younger COPD patients with significant comorbid conditions including chronic heart or lung disease. PPSV23 has been shown to reduce the incidence of community-acquired pneumonia in COPD patients < 65 years, with an FEV1 < 40% predicted, or comorbidities (especially cardiac comorbidities)

Exercise and Nutrition

Even if significant damage to your lungs (like for COPD) has occurred, physical conditioning is important. The ability to adequately perform activities depends on the combination of heart, lung, and muscle function. If lung capacity is greatly reduced then heart and muscle conditioning needs to be at 100%. This means exercise must be done regularly. Regular exercise improves the heart’s function (ability to pump blood to the body) and also improves the muscles’ ability to use oxygen. When COPD limits the ability to get oxygen into the Body, Heart, and muscle function must be at their best. Over the past several years, nutritional aspects of healing and wellness have received much attention. The basic concepts of a balanced diet, appropriate caloric intake (only take in what you burn up) and use of supplemental vitamins are valid. Some people with severe lung disease complain of no appetite and a feeling of “being full” with minimal food intake. Because the lungs are hyperinflated (over expanded), they push down on the stomach and produce a full feeling. If this occurs, eating smaller meals more frequently (up to 6 to 8 times per day) may help increase food intake. With severe COPD, the work of breathing may be so great that you may have difficulty maintaining body weight and nutritional supplements are indicated.

Pharmacological therapy for COPD

Pharmacological therapy for COPD is used to reduce symptoms, reduce the frequency and severity of exacerbations, and improve exercise tolerance and health status. To date, there is no conclusive clinical trial evidence that any existing medications for COPD modify the long-term decline in lung function.

• Bronchodilators
• Beta2-agonists
• Antimuscarinic drugs
• Methylxanthines
• Combination bronchodilator therapy

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